Characteristics of trials comparing tocilizumab and sarilumab for covid-19, alone or in combination with corticosteroids, and trials comparing corticosteroids with standard care or interleukin 6 receptor blockers
| Study | Publication status (registration) | No of participants | Country | Mean age (years) | Male (%) | Type of care (%) | Severity (based on WHO classification; %)50 | Detailed ventilation (%) | Treatments |
| Interleukin 6 receptor blocker—tocilizumab | |||||||||
| ARCHITECTS | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04412772) | 21 | US | 61.5 | 57.1 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Not reported | Tocilizumab, placebo |
| CORIMUNO-TOCI-ICU | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04331808) | 92 | France | 64.2 | 71.7 | Inpatient intensive care (100.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | High flow, non-invasive ventilation, or invasive ventilation (100.0) | Tocilizumab, standard care |
| COV-AID | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04330638) | 230 | Belgium | 63.6 | 77.4 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Not reported | Tocilizumab, siltuximab, standard care |
| COVIDOSE2-SSA | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04479358) | 28 | US | 65 | 67.9 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Mechanical ventilation (0.0%) | Tocilizumab, standard care |
| COVIDSTORM | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04577534) | 39 | Finland | 65.7 | 53.9 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Not reported | Tocilizumab, standard care |
| COVITOZ | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04435717) | 26 | Spain | 57.5 | 65.4 | Inpatient, intensive care (0.0) | Mild/moderate (100); severe (0) | Not reported | Tocilizumab, standard care |
| Hermine, 2021; CORIMUNO-TOCI 126 | Published (NCT04331808) | 131 | France | 64 | 67.7 | Inpatient, intensive care (0.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100); critical (0) | Supplemental oxygen (100.0); non-invasive ventilation or invasive ventilation (0.0) | Tocilizumab, standard care |
| HMO-020–0224 | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04377750) | 54 | Israel | 63.1 | 68.5 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Not reported | Tocilizumab, placebo |
| Horby, 2021; RECOVERY6 | Published (NCT04381936) | 4116 | UK | 63.6 | 67.3 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Supplemental oxygen (45.4); high flow or non-invasive ventilation (41.0); invasive ventilation(13.7) | Tocilizumab, standard care |
| ImmCoVA | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04412291) | 49 | Sweden | Not reported | Not reported | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | invasive ventilation (0.0) | Tocilizumab, standard care |
| REMDACTA | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04409262) | 640 | Spain, US, Brazil, Russia | 60.3 | 63.3 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Not reported | Tocilizumab, placebo |
| Rosas, 2021; COVACTA27 | Published (NCT04320615) | 452 | Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, UK, US | 60.8 | 69.9 | Inpatient, intensive care (56.4) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100); critical (0) | Non-invasive ventilation or invasive ventilation (37.7) | Tocilizumab, placebo |
| Rutgers, 2021; PreToVid28 | Preprint (NL8504) | 354 | Netherlands | 66.5 | 67 | Inpatient, intensive care (0.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Supplemental oxygen (96.6) | Tocilizumab, standard care |
| Soin, 2021; COVINTOC29 | Published (CTRI/2020/05/025369) | 180 | India | 55 | 84.9 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (49.2); severe (50.8) | Supplemental oxygen (89.9); non-invasive ventilation (26.8); invasive ventilation (5.0) | Tocilizumab, standard care |
| Stone, 2020; BACC BAY30 | Published (NCT04356937) | 243 | US | 59.9 | 58 | Inpatient, intensive care (4.5) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100); critical (0) | Supplemental oxygen (79.8); high flow or non-invasive ventilation (4.1); invasive ventilation (0.4) | Tocilizumab, placebo |
| Salama, 2021; EMPACTA31 | Published (NCT04372186) | 388 | US, Peru, Brazil, Kenya, South Africa, Mexico | 55.9 | 59.1 | Inpatient, intensive care (15.4) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100); critical (0) | Mechanical ventilation (0.0) | Tocilizumab, placebo |
| Salvarani, 2020; RCT-TCZ-COVID-1932 | Published (NCT04346355) | 126 | Italy | 60 | 61.1 | Inpatient, intensive care (0.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100); critical (0) | non-invasive ventilation or invasive ventilation (0.0) | Tocilizumab, standard care |
| TOCOVID | Data from meta-analysis (EudraCT2020-001442-19) | 270 | Spain | 53 | 63.7 | Inpatient, intensive care (100.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Not reported | tocilizumab standard care |
| Talaschian, 2021 33 | Preprint (RCT20081027001411N4) | 40 | Iran | 61.7 | 52.8 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100); critical (0) | Nasal cannula (50.0); simple mask (30.6); reservoir mask (11.1); non-invasive ventilation (8.3); invasive ventilation (0.0) | Tocilizumab, standard care |
| Veiga, 2021; TOCIBRAS34 | Published (NCT04403685) | 129 | Brazil | 57.5 | 68.2 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Supplemental oxygen (51.9); high flow or non-invasive ventilation (31.8); invasive ventilation (16.3) | Tocilizumab, standard care |
| Interleukin 6 receptor blocker—sarilumab | |||||||||
| CORIMUNO-SARI-1 | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04324073) | 144 | France | 62.3 | 75 | Inpatient, intensive care (0.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Not reported | Sarilumab, standard care |
| CORIMUNO-SARI-ICU | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04324073) | 81 | France | 61.6 | 76.5 | Inpatient, intensive care (100.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Not reported | Sarilumab, standard care |
| SARCOVID | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04357808) | 30 | Spain | 61.7 | 66.7 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Mechanical ventilation (0.0) | Sarilumab, standard care |
| SARICOR | Data from meta-analysis (EudraCT2020-001531-27) | 80 | Spain | 59.4 | 71.2 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Mechanical ventilation (0.0) | Sarilumab, standard care |
| SARTRE | Data from meta-analysis (EudraCT2020-002037-15) | 140 | Spain | 58.4 | 72.9 | Inpatient, intensive care (0.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Mechanical ventilation (0.0) | Sarilumab, standard care |
| Sivapalasingam, 2021 (phase 2); Sarilumab-COVID-1935 | Preprint (NCT04315298) | 457 | US | 58.7 | 72.4 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (50.5); critical (49.5) | Supplemental oxygen (27.6); high flow, non-invasive ventilation, or invasive ventilation (49.5) | Sarilumab (200 mg), sarilumab (400 mg), placebo |
| Sivapalasingam, 2021 (phase 3, cohort 1); Sarilumab-COVID-1935 | Preprint (NCT04315298) | 1365 | US | 61.7 | 64.5 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (45); Critical (55) | Supplemental oxygen (27.0); invsive ventilation (21.8) | Sarilumab (200 mg), sarilumab (400 mg), placebo |
| Sivapalasingam, 2021 (phase 3, cohort 2); Sarilumab-COVID-1935 | Preprint (NCT04315298) | 31 | US | 48.7 | 71 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (0); critical (100) | IV (100.0) | Sarilumab (800 mg), placebo |
| Sivapalasingam, 2021 (phase 3, cohort 3); Sarilumab-COVID-1935 | Preprint (NCT04315298) | 8 | US | 60.8 | 62.5 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (0); critical (100) | High flow or non-invasive ventilation (100.0); invasive ventilation (0.0) | Sarilumab (800 mg), placebo |
| Lescure, 202136 | Published (NCT04327388; Eudra CT (2020-001162-12), WHO (U1111-1249-6021)) | 420 | Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Russia, Spain | 59 | 62.7 | Inpatient, intensive care (35.6) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (60.6); critical (38.9) | Nasal cannula (42.1); face mask (26.7); non-rebreather face mask (10.5); high flow (6.2); non-invasive ventilation (1.7); invasive ventilation (11.5); other (1.2) | Sarilumab (400 mg), sarilumab (200 mg), placebo |
| Interleukin 6 receptor blockers—tocilizumab/sarilumab | |||||||||
| Gordon, 2021; REMAP-CAP51 | Published (NCT02735707) | 798 | UK, Netherlands, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Saudia Arabia | 61.4 | 72.6 | Inpatient, intensive care (100.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (0); critical (100) | High flow (28.8); non-invasive ventilation (41.5); invasive ventilation (29.4) | Tocilizumab standard care (for tociluzumab), sarilumab standard care (for sarilumab) |
| Gordon, 2021; REMAP-CAP51 | Data from authors (NCT02735707) | 1020 | UK, Netherlands, Australia, New Zealand, Ireland, Saudia Arabia | Not reported | Not reported | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (0); critical (100) | Not reported | Tocilizumab, sarilumab |
| Interleukin 6 receptor blockers v corticosteroids | |||||||||
| Rashad, 202148 | Published (CT04519385 (19/08/2020)) | 149 | Egypt | 62.5 | 56.9 | Inpatient, intensive care (100.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100); critical (100) | Non-invasive ventilation (64.2); invasive ventilation (35.8) | Tocilizumab, dexamethasone |
| SILCOR | Data from meta-analysis (EudraCT2020-001413-20) | 158 | Spain | 62 | 65.2 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100); critical (0) | Not reported | Siltuximab, corticosteroids |
| STORM | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04345445) | 59 | Malaysia | 53.2 | 76.3 | Inpatient, intensive care (0.0) | Mild/moderate (100); severe (0); critical (0) | Mechanical ventilation (0.0) | Tocilizumab, dexamethasone |
| Corticosteroids | |||||||||
| Angus, 2020; REMAP-CAP37 | Published (NCT02735707) | 403 | Australia, Canada, Ireland, France, Netherlands, New Zealand, UK, US | 59.9 | 71.1 | Inpatient, intensive care (100.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | High flow (14.6); non-invasive ventilation (29.7); invasive ventilation (55.5); extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (0.8) | Hydrocortisone (fixed dose), hydrocortisone (shock dependent), standard care |
| Corral-Gudino, 2021; GLUCOCOVID38 | Published (2020-001934-37) | 64 | Spain | 69.8 | 60.9 | Inpatient, intensive care (0.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100); critical (0) | Mechanical ventilation (0.0) | Methylprednisolone, standard care |
| Dequin, 2020 CAPECOVID39 | Published (NCT02517489) | 149 | France | 62.2 | 69.8 | Inpatient, intensive care (100.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (0); critical (100) | Non-rebreathing mask with a reservoir bag (6.0); high flow (12.8); non-invasive ventilation or invasive ventilation (81.2) | Hydrocortisone, placebo |
| Edalatifard, 202040 | Published (IRCT20200404046947N1) | 68 | Iran | 58.5 | 62.9 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100); critical (0) | Nasal cannula (21.0); simple mask (11.3); reserve mask (29.0); non-invasive ventilation (37.1) | Methylprednisolone, standard care |
| Farahani, 202041 | Preprint (IRCT20200406046963N1) | 29 | Iran | 64 | 65.5 | Inpatient, intensive care (100.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Not reported | Methylprednisolone, prednisolone standard care |
| Horby, 2021 RECOVERY42 | Published (NCT04381936) | 6425 | UK | 66.2 | 63.6 | Inpatient | Not reported | Supplemental oxygen or non-invasive ventilation (60.4); invasive ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (15.7) | Dexamethasone, standard care |
| Jamaati, 202143 | Published (IRCT20151227025726N17) | 50 | Iran | 62 | 72 | Inpatient | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Not reported | Dexamethasone, standard care |
| Jeronimo, 2020; Metcovid44 | Published (NCT04343729) | 416 | Brazil | 55 | 65.3 | Inpatient, intensive care (35.4) | Not reported | Non-invasive oxygen (47.5); invasive mechanical ventilation (33.9) | Methylprednisolone, placebo |
| Steroids-SARI | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04244591) | 47 | China | 64.5 | 74.5 | Inpatient, intensive care (100.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (0); critical (100) | Mechanical ventilation (57.5) | Methylprednisolone, standard care |
| DEXA-COVID 19 | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04325061) | 19 | Spain | 60.7 | 68.4 | Not reported | Mild/moderate (0); severe (0); critical (100) | Invasive ventilation (100.0) | Dexamethasone, standard care |
| COVID STEROID | Data from meta-analysis (NCT04348305) | 29 | Denmark | 59.4 | 79.3 | Not reported | Mild/moderate (0); severe (0); critical (100) | Mechanical ventilation (51.7) | Hydrocortisone, placebo |
| Tang, 202145 | Published (NCT04273321) | 86 | China | 56 | 47.7 | Inpatient, intensive care (0.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (100) | Nasal cannula (70.9) | Methylprednisolone, standard care |
| Tomazini, 2020; CoDEX46 | Published (NCT04327401) | 299 | Brazil | 61.4 | 62.5 | Inpatient, intensive care (100.0) | Mild/moderate (0); severe (0); critical (100) | Pressure control ventilation (44.5); volume control ventilation (46.5); other (9.0) | Dexamethasone, standard care |
| Vaira, 202047 | Published | 18 | Italy | 42.1 | 38.9 | Outpatient, intensive care (0.0%) | Mild/moderate (100); severe (0); critical (0) | Not reported | Corticosteroids, standard care |