Conditions reaching consensus to always or usually include in a multimorbidity measure, based on Delphi surveys
| Body system (based on ICD-10 chapters) | Always include (n=24) | Usually include (unless a good reason not to in a particular context) (n=35)* |
| Cardiovascular disease | Stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, peripheral artery disease | Heart valve disorders, arrhythmia, venous thromboembolic disease, aneurysm, nypertension (treated and untreated) |
| Metabolic and endocrine disease | Diabetes, Addison’s disease, cystic fibrosis | Thyroid disorders |
| Respiratory disease | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma | Bronchiectasis |
| Neurological disease | Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, paralysis | Transient ischaemic attack, peripheral neuropathy, chronic primary pain |
| Cancer | Solid organ cancers, haematological cancers, metastatic cancers | Melanoma, benign cerebral tumours that can cause disability |
| Mental and behavioural disorder | Dementia, schizophrenia | Depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, drug or alcohol misuse, eating disorder, autism, post-traumatic stress disorder |
| Musculoskeletal disease | Connective tissue disease | Osteoarthritis, long term musculoskeletal problems due to injury, osteoporosis, gout |
| Digestive disease | Chronic liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease | Chronic pancreatic disease, peptic ulcer |
| Urogenital disorder | Chronic kidney disease, end stage kidney disease | Endometriosis, chronic urinary tract infection |
| Haematological disorder | — | Anaemia (including pernicious anaemia, sickle cell anaemia) |
| Eye disease | — | Vision impairment that cannot be corrected |
| Ear disease | — | Hearing impairment that cannot be corrected, Meniere’s disease |
| Infectious disease | HIV/AIDS | Chronic Lyme disease, tuberculosis, post-acute covid-19 |
| Congenital disease | — | Congenital disease and chromosomal abnormalities |
ICD-10=international classification of diseases, 10th revision.
*Untreated and treated hypertension were combined. Conditions that require surveillance (including cancers) were agreed to be included by both sets of panellists, and thus "cancers that require surveillance" was not stated separately in the list.