Summary of studies included. Data are number (%) of participants unless stated otherwise
| Trial No | Publication | No of participants | Placebo | Canagliflozin | Mean (SD) age (years) | Female sex | Duration of placebo comparison (months) | Primary outcome | Specific criteria | Glycaemic control | Previous treatment |
| NCT00642278* | Rosenstock et al 201226 | 386 | 65 (16.8) | 321 (83.2) | 53 (8) | 188 (48.7) | 12 | Change in HbA1c from baseline | — | Inadequate glycaemic control | Metformin monotherapy |
| NCT01340664 | Qiu et al 201427 | 279 | 93 (33.3) | 186 (66.7) | 56 (9.5) | 149 (53.4) | 18 | Change in HbA1c from baseline | — | Inadequate glycaemic control | Metformin monotherapy |
| NCT01106625 | Wilding et al 201328 | 469 | 156 (33.3) | 313 (66.7) | 57 (9.3) | 230 (49) | 52 | Change in HbA1c from baseline | — | Inadequate glycaemic control | Metformin plus sulphonylurea |
| NCT01064414 | Yale et al 201329 | 269 | 90 (33.5) | 179 (66.5) | 68 (8.2) | 106 (39.4) | 52 | Change in HbA1c from baseline | Stage 3 chronic kidney disease | Inadequate glycaemic control | No treament or stable American Heart Association regimen |
| NCT01081834 | Stenlöf et al 201330 | 678 | 194 (28.6) | 484 (71.4) | 54 (10.8) | 376 (55.5) | 26 | Change in HbA1c from baseline | — | Inadequate glycaemic control | Diet and exercise |
| NCT01106677† | Lavalle-González et al 201312 | 918 | 183 (19.9) | 735 (80.1) | 55 (9.4) | 485 (52.8) | 26 | Change in HbA1c from baseline | — | Inadequate glycaemic control | Metformin monotherapy |
| NCT01032629 | Neal et al 201715 | 4330 | 1442 (33.3) | 2888 (66.7) | 61 (8.1) | 1469 (33.9) | > 52 | Onset of MACEs | High cardiovascular risk | HBA1c≥7.0% and ≤10.5% | — |
| NCT01106651 | Bode et al 201313 | 716 | 239 (33.4) | 477 (66.6) | 64 (6.3) | 320 (44.7) | 26 | Change in HbA1c from baseline | Older patients (aged 55-80 years) | Inadequate glycaemic control | Metformin, sulfonylurea, dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, α-glucosidase inhibitor, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist, or insulin or pioglitazone |
| NCT01106690 | Forst et al 201431 | 342 | 115 (33.6) | 227 (66.4) | 57 (10) | 126 (36.8) | 26 | Change in HbA1c from baseline | — | Inadequate glycaemic control | Metformin and pioglitazone |
| NCT01381900 | Ji et al 201514 | 676 | 226 (33.4) | 450 (66.6) | 49 (10.1) | 314 (46.4) | 18 | Change in HbA1c from baseline | Asian patients‡ | Inadequate glycaemic control | Metformin or metformin+sulphonylurea |
| NCT01989754 | Neal et al 201715 | 5813 | 2906 (50) | 2907 (50) | 62 (8.4) | 2164 (37.2) | >52 | Onset of MACE | High cardiovascular risk | HbA1c≥7.0% and ≤10.5% | — |
| NCT02025907 | Rodbard et al 201632 | 218 | 109 (50) | 109 (50) | 57 (9.7) | 92 (42.2) | 26 | Change in HbA1c from baseline | — | Inadequate glycaemic control | Metformin and sitagliptin |
| Total | — | 15 094 | 5818 (38.5) | 9276 (61.5) | 60 (9.4) | 6019 (39.9) | — | — | — | — | — |
SD=standard deviation; HbA1c=serum glycated haemoglobin; MACE=major adverse cardiovascular events.
*In this study, 65 additional patients were randomised in an active comparator arm (sitaglipin) but were not included in our analyses.
†In this study, 366 additional patients were randomised in an active comparator arm (sitaglipin) but were not included in our analyses.
‡Study group includes Chinese and other Asian patients; the study was conducted in China, Malaysia, and Vietnam.