Proportions of participants with a new diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) receiving treatments, by study group. Data show number of participants eligible for each intervention and the number (%) receiving each intervention within 12 months of diagnosis
| COPD treatment | Group with history of illicit opioid use | Comparison group |
| Seasonal influenza vaccine (years after COPD diagnosis) | ||
| 1 | 1798/3833 (46.9) | 8258/16 476 (50.1) |
| 2 | 1629/3167 (51.4) | 8056/14 473 (55.7) |
| 3 | 1302/2547 (51.1) | 6812/12 055 (56.5) |
| 4 | 1039/2007 (51.8) | 5792/10 021 (57.8) |
| ≥5 | 3447/6332 (54.4) | 21 942/35 861 (61.2) |
| Pneumococcal vaccine | 467/3203 (14.6) | 2732/15 700 (17.4) |
| Pulmonary rehabilitation referral | 270/3903 (6.9) | 880/19 515 (4.5) |
| Bronchodilators or corticosteroids | 3164/3318 (81.1) | 14 559/16 590 (74.6) |
| Smoking cessation support | 672/2855 (23.5) | 2815/11 027 (25.5) |