Distribution of lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors, by pre-existing coeliac disease
| No coeliac disease | Coeliac disease | |
| Body mass index | 27.3 (27.3 to 27.3) | 25.8 (25.6 to 26.0) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 5.8 (5.8 to 5.8) | 5.5 (5.4 to 5.5) |
| Log high sensitivity C reactive protein (mg/L) | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.3) | 0.1 (0.1 to 0.2) |
| Non-fasting serum glucose (mmol/L) | 5.1 (5.1 to 5.1) | 5.1 (5.0 to 5.1) |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 3.6 (3.6 to 3.6) | 3.4 (3.4 to 3.5) |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.7 (1.7 to 1.7) | 1.5 (1.5 to 1.6) |
| Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (mmol/mol) | 35.9 (35.8 to 35.9) | 35.8 (35.5 to 36.0) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 137.8 (137.8 to 137.9) | 135.7 (135.0 to 136.4) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 82.4 (82.4 to 82.5) | 80.9 (80.4 to 81.3) |
| Diabetes (%): | 4.4 (4.4 to 4.5) | 3.2 (2.4 to 4.0) |
| Type 1 diabetes | 0.3 (0.3 to 0.3) | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.4) |
| Type 2 diabetes | 3.7 (3.6 to 3.7) | 1.8 (1.2 to 2.4) |
| Current smoker (%) | 10.4 (10.3 to 10.5) | 7.6 (6.5 to 8.8) |
| At least weekly alcohol drinker (%) | 49.3 (49.1 to 49.4) | 47.2 (45.0 to 49.3) |
| High levels of physical activity (%)* | 31.7 (31.5 to 31.8) | 29.3 (27.3 to 31.2) |
| Using blood pressure lowering medication (%) | 17.7 (17.6 to 17.8) | 13.7 (12.3 to 15.1) |
| Using cholesterol lowering medication (%) | 13.2 (13.1 to 13.3) | 8.3 (7.2 to 9.4) |
| Family history of cardiovascular disease (%) | 41.6 (41.5 to 41.8) | 44.1 (41.9 to 46.4) |
| Ideal cardiovascular disease risk score (%)† | 14.3 (14.2 to 14.4) | 23.3 (21.6 to 25.1) |
Data are percentage (95% confidence interval) or mean (95% confidence interval), adjusted for age, sex, Townsend deprivation index score, education, and ethnicity. Numbers of participants and data missing are presented in the supplementary files.
*High physical activity derived according to the International Physical Activity questionnaire.
†Ideal cardiovascular disease risk score defined according to the American Heart Association's Life's Simple Seven risk score.