ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Due to a shortage of studies focusing on older adults, clinicians
and policy makers frequently rely on clinical trials of the general population to provide …

Background: Effective communication of risks and benefits to patients is critical for shared
decision making. Purpose: To review the comparative effectiveness of methods of …

Objective To assess the influence of perioperative statin treatment on the risk of death,
myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and hospital and intensive care unit length of stay in …

Importance Sex differences in dementia risk are unclear, but some studies have found
greater risk for women. Objective To determine associations between sex and cognitive …

The limitations of subgroup analyses are well established—false positives due to multiple
comparisons, false negatives due to inadequate power, and limited ability to inform …

Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) are conducted to guide clinicians' selection of therapies
for individual patients. Currently, RCTs in critical care often report an overall mean effect and …

Importance Type 2 diabetes mellitus is common, and treatment to correct blood glucose
levels is standard. However, treatment burden starts years before treatment benefits accrue …

Although the randomised controlled trial is the “gold standard” for studying the efficacy and
safety of medical treatments, it is not necessarily free from bias. When patients do not follow …

Background The amount of insulin needed to effectively treat type 2 diabetes worldwide is
unknown. It also remains unclear how alternative treatment algorithms would affect insulin …

Background: The 2013 pooled cohort equations (PCEs) are central in prevention guidelines
for cardiovascular disease (CVD) but can misestimate CVD risk. Objective: To improve the …